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Research Ethics in Second Language Education : Universal Principles, Local Practices
This book makes a fresh contribution to the field of research ethics by considering research issues through relatable autobiographical narratives.The book’s core offers narratives by novice second language education researchers who are completing PhD degrees using data from international research participants.These narratives expose challenges regarding the ethical identity of researchers working across diverse value and belief systems.The narrative chapters are followed by four chapters of commentaries from a line-up of international scholars with various academic, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds. The case study approach reports the experiences and reflections of research students before, during, and after the data collection phase of their projects, and offers insights into the recruitment of participants; acquiring and maintaining access; interpretations of the notion of informed consent; incentivising participants; the implications of ensuring anonymity and confidentiality; the right to withdraw participation and data; the positioning of the researcher as insider or outsider; potential conflicts of interest; the potential harm to participants and researcher; and the dissemination of findings. This practical and relatable book is aimed at research students and their supervisors in fields such as applied linguistics and education, as well as those following methods courses, to help illustrate the ethical challenges faced by researchers in the process of collecting qualitative data.
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Doing International Research : Global and Local Methods
This energetic and thought-provoking book encourages a reflexive, non-nationalistic approach to doing world research and sets out how to understand, plan, do and use this research. Williams introduces a range of frameworks, from desk-based studies and traditional ethnography to the use of internet, satellites, robots, drones and ‘big data’, and provides exciting, interdisciplinary examples.This book is presented in a clear international style and uses creative approaches to researching peoples, places and world systems. It explains: desk-based research using international data including documentaries, museum objects, archives, data-sets and working with groups such as refugees, tourists and migrantsdistance research using online videos, surveys and remote methods such as video conferencing and crowdsourcingfieldwork abroad, including ethnography, street observation and mapping. The book is also accompanied by a website, with the following features: For Students Weblinks for each chapterExamples/summaries/templates related to text marked withAdditional thinking zonesAn overview of data capture technologies For Lecturers Copies of all the figures and thinking zones for use in teaching materialPowerPoint slides for each chapter Built upon the foundations of the author’s 30 years of research experience, and including original case studies from international students, this is an essential guide for anyone in the social sciences using or doing international and global research.
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Exploring Language Education : Global and Local Perspectives
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Innovation Policy at the Intersection : Global Debates and Local Experiences
Worldwide, countries have to respond to local and global socio-technological shifts and needs, specifically the transformations wrought by a rapidly shifting understanding of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.Science, technology and innovation policy (STI) finds itself at the intersection of these local and global challenges.Innovation Policy at the Intersection: Global Debates and Local Experiences shows that a comprehensive rethink in STI policy-making is required – one that takes a systemic view of the varied challenges, and adopts an inclusive and holistic approach to STI policy.Such a rethink has to bring together the global and local, the theoretical and practical.The chapters in this book follow three broad concerns:The theories and approaches that have historically informed STI policy-making, along with the most influential current approaches in different country contexts; The development and application of comprehensive STI monitoring and evaluation systems as developed and implemented by various public agencies; andThe role and function of STI policy advisory bodies within their respective contexts.Innovation Policy at the Intersection provides a comparative lens of different theories and practices across a unique spectrum of national contexts, including Austria, Brazil, Colombia, Finland, Iran, Mexico, Norway, South Africa, South Korea, and Sweden.
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What are local extrema?
Local extrema are points on a graph where a function reaches a maximum or minimum value within a specific interval. A local maximum is the highest point in a small neighborhood of a function, while a local minimum is the lowest point in that neighborhood. These points are called "local" because they may not be the absolute highest or lowest points of the entire function, but rather within a limited range.
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What are local slopes?
Local slopes refer to the steepness or incline of a specific section of land or terrain within a larger area. They are a measure of how quickly the elevation changes over a short distance in a particular location. Local slopes are important in various fields such as geography, geology, and civil engineering as they can impact factors like water drainage, soil erosion, and construction feasibility. Understanding local slopes can help in planning and designing infrastructure, managing natural resources, and assessing potential risks such as landslides.
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What is local color?
Local color refers to the unique characteristics and customs of a particular region or community that distinguish it from others. It often includes details such as dialect, clothing, food, and architecture that are specific to that area. Local color is used in literature to create a sense of place and to immerse the reader in the setting of the story.
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What are local broadcasts?
Local broadcasts refer to television or radio programs that are produced and distributed within a specific geographic area, such as a city or region. These broadcasts often include news, weather, sports, and community events that are relevant to the local audience. Local broadcasts are an important source of information and entertainment for people in a particular area, and they help to create a sense of community and connection among residents.
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The War on Corruption in China : Local Reform and Innovation
Having engaged in an intensified war against corruption for more than four decades since the period of reform and opening up, China is now at a turning point in its anti-corruption agenda.Many believe that building government integrity has been a top-down process in China, and the anti-corruption strategies taken by the current administration seem to have confirmed it.This book challenges the view by analyzing local anti-corruption innovations in recent years and argues for the importance of bottom-up efforts in controlling corruption. The book attempts to answer the question of whether the rise of local anti-corruption innovations has helped China to pursue anti-corruption reform more effectively and, if so, why.It proceeds to analyze the major patterns of local anti-corruption innovations, the ways in which they have been initiated and implemented, and the factors influencing their success or failure.The book includes more than 400 cases of local innovative anti-corruption reforms in China in recent years. This book will be a useful reference for those interested in learning more about anti-corruption studies and also contributes to the study of corruption and anti-corruption reform in China by providing solid and fresh evidence of anti-corruption innovation by local governments.
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Global Perspectives of Early Childhood Education : Valuing Local Cultures
This text offers students rich local cultural examples of Early Childhood Education from around the world.Informed by first-hand research and practice, the book provides authentic snapshots of ECE from countries, including Afghanistan, Australia, Ghana, Nigeria, Brazil, Eswatini, Mongolia, Nepal, Sami children of Finland, and Syrian refugee children, enabling readers to better understand the wider determinants influencing the multiplicity and diversity of children’s daily experiences.With expert contributors drawn from across the world, this book is essential reading for those interested in global perspectives on early childhood. Dr Naomi McLeod is a Senior Lecturer in Early Childhood Education at Liverpool John Moores University. Dr Emem E.Okon develops professional development programmes for educational practitioners in Nigeria. Diane Garrison is an anti-racist, educator, leader and community mentor. Dr Diane Boyd is a Senior Lecturer in Early Childhood Education at Liverpool John Moores University. Dr Angela Daly is a Reader in Education and Global Learning at Liverpool John Moores University.
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Resisting Neoliberalism in Education : Local, National and Transnational Perspectives
Neoliberalism has been widely criticised because of its role in prioritising ‘free markets’ as the optimum way of solving problems and organising society.In the field of education, this leads to an emphasis on the knowledge economy that can reduce both persons and education to economic actors and be detrimental to wider social and ethical goals.Drawing on a range of international contexts across informal, adult, school and university settings, this book provides innovative examples that show how neoliberalism in education can be challenged and changed at the local, national and transnational levels in order to foster a more democratic culture.
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Virus Research in Twentieth-Century Uganda : Between Local and Global
Virus Research in Twentieth-Century Uganda presents the stories of scientists at the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), a biomedical center founded in 1936.The book analyzes the strategies and conditions that allowed the institute to endure and thrive through successive political and scientific regimes of the interwar period, the postwar period, the transition to independence, the conflicts of the 1970s and 1980s, and the Museveni presidency.Julia Ross Cummiskey combines methods and themes from the history of medicine and public health, science and technology studies, and African studies to show that the story of the UVRI and the people who worked there transforms our understanding of the nature of local and international expertise and the evolution of global health research over the course of the twentieth century. Global health is one of the chief areas in which African and foreign institutions interact today.Billions of dollars are invested in global health projects on the continent, many involving strategically selected “local partners.” In the discourse of these projects, local and global are often framed as complementary but distinct categories of people, institutions, traditions, and practices.But the history of biomedical research at the UVRI shows that these distinctions are unstable and mutable and that people and institutions have mobilized both categories to attract funding, professional prestige, and research opportunities.The book complicates the local/global binary that is implicit (and sometimes explicit) in many studies of colonial, international, and global health and medical research, especially in Africa.Moreover, it challenges assumptions about global health as an enterprise dominated by researchers based in the Global North and recenters the history of biomedicine in Africa.
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Is local anesthesia painful?
Local anesthesia can cause some discomfort during the injection process, as it involves a small needle being inserted into the skin. However, the discomfort is usually minimal and short-lived. Once the anesthesia takes effect, the area should be numb and the procedure should be painless. Overall, the temporary discomfort of the injection is typically well worth the pain relief provided by the local anesthesia.
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What is local fragmentation?
Local fragmentation refers to the breaking up of natural habitats into smaller, isolated patches due to human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and infrastructure development. This fragmentation can lead to a loss of biodiversity, as it disrupts the movement and gene flow of species, making it difficult for them to find food, mates, and suitable habitats. It can also increase the vulnerability of species to extinction and reduce the overall resilience of ecosystems. Efforts to mitigate local fragmentation include creating wildlife corridors and protected areas to connect fragmented habitats and promote species movement.
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Is the arrival time of the plane local or in local time?
The arrival time of the plane is typically given in local time. This means that the time provided is adjusted to the time zone of the destination airport. It is important to consider any time zone differences when planning travel arrangements to ensure you arrive at the correct time.
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Is the arrival time of the aircraft local or in local time?
The arrival time of the aircraft is typically given in local time. This means that it is the time at the destination airport, taking into account any time zone differences. It is important for passengers to be aware of the local arrival time in order to make necessary arrangements for transportation and other plans upon arrival.
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